An Indian Muslim scholar sets an example

An Indian Muslim scholar sets an example of faith in democracy
By MUQTEDAR KHAN • August 10, 2010

http://www.delawareonline.com/article/20100810/OPINION09/8100322/1004/OPINION/An-Indian-Muslim-scholar-sets-an-example-of-faith-in-democracy

On Aug. 15, India will celebrate its independence from British colonial rule. Congratulations to India. For nearly 200 years the British occupied and exploited India and its resources. But we all know this aspect of British culture firsthand and it does not need much elaboration here.

India, too, has emerged as a democracy after independence. It used to be a great civilization, now it is on its way to becoming a great world power.

India is not only a successful democracy and an emerging fountain of knowledge for the world; it is also the other Holy Land. There are only four religions with more than a billion adherents. Two come from the Middle East (Islam and Christianity), and the other two were made in India (Hinduism and Buddhism).

Whether it is Indian software engineers, doctors or professors, Indians are not only scripting a phenomenal story of growth in India, but are also driving growth everywhere in the world.

In the U.S., too, Indians and their progeny are making an incredible impact. Bobby Jindal, the governor of Louisiana, Fareed Zakaria and Sanjay Gupta of CNN, Deepak Chopra, 11 Nobel laureates and thousands of scientists and entrepreneurs are making America a more scientific and prosperous nation.

Kalpana Chawla, one of the brave astronauts who died in the space shuttle Columbia accident, was Indian-American.

And then there is yours truly.

One of the most important reasons for India's tremendous post-independence success is its unwavering focus on education. One of the earliest architects of India's freedom struggle and its focus on education was a Muslim scholar -- Maulana Azad, a close companion of Mahatma Gandhi and the first minister of education of free India, from 1947 to 1958.

His policies, which created the world-renowned Indian Institutes of Technologies and brought education to women very early on, played a big role in India's social and economic development and its ability to nourish its democracy.

Maulana Azad was a remarkable man by any standards. He was a freedom fighter, a journalist, a scholar, a politician and a statesman. He was born in Mecca in 1888 to a family of Islamic scholars who taught Islam in Mecca and Calcutta. He received a traditional education in Islamic sciences, but in his early teens he recognized that much of his education was religious indoctrination. So he rebelled against it and declared his intellectual freedom and took the nom de plume Azad.

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Azad means free.




He became a prominent player in India's freedom struggle, motivating millions of Muslim Indians to join the movement through his various magazines and leading the Indian National Congress during the crucial years 1940-1946.

He was an Indian Muslim leader and Islamic scholar who believed in Hindu-Muslim unity and opposed the partition of India. He believed that a secular, democratic India would safeguard the freedoms both of Muslims and Hindus.

Azad's faith in communal harmony came from his belief in the fundamental unity of all religions. He based this on his reading of the Quran, which claims that God has sent prophets with the divine message to all people, some of them known to Prophet Mohammed, others he was not aware of (40:78), and that all religions are but one (23:52). It was this belief that made him reach out to Hindus, Christians and Parsees successfully.

In spite of his political responsibilities, Azad found time to write books. His magnum opus was a thirty-volume commentary on the Quran. He wrote several other treatises on the Quran and a history of India's struggle -- "India Wins Freedom."

No leader in the Indian subcontinent, Hindu or Muslim, could match him in erudition and scholarship. No contemporary leader in the entire Muslim world is able to combine political leadership and Islamic scholarship like Azad.

Muslims who live as minorities need leaders like Azad who emphasize respect for pluralism, believe in democracy and eschew mental and social ghettoes.

Leaders who use religious identities as political instruments not only undermine the social harmony of societies, but also do more harm than good for the very minorities whose interests they claim to advance.

We live in an age of globalization, where boundaries are gradually losing their salience. In this age, politics of religious boundaries are artificial and counterproductive.

I hope that American Muslims will discover Azad and learn how to live and lead in a secular democracy; and that non-Muslim Americans learn that not all Muslim leaders in history were divisive and partisan. Many, like Azad, seek political and religious unity.

He became a prominent player in India's freedom struggle, motivating millions of Muslim Indians to join the movement through his various magazines and leading the Indian National Congress during the crucial years 1940-1946.

He was an Indian Muslim leader and Islamic scholar who believed in Hindu-Muslim unity and opposed the partition of India. He believed that a secular, democratic India would safeguard the freedoms both of Muslims and Hindus.

Azad's faith in communal harmony came from his belief in the fundamental unity of all religions. He based this on his reading of the Quran, which claims that God has sent prophets with the divine message to all people, some of them known to Prophet Mohammed, others he was not aware of (40:78), and that all religions are but one (23:52). It was this belief that made him reach out to Hindus, Christians and Parsees successfully.

In spite of his political responsibilities, Azad found time to write books. His magnum opus was a thirty-volume commentary on the Quran. He wrote several other treatises on the Quran and a history of India's struggle -- "India Wins Freedom."

No leader in the Indian subcontinent, Hindu or Muslim, could match him in erudition and scholarship. No contemporary leader in the entire Muslim world is able to combine political leadership and Islamic scholarship like Azad.

Muslims who live as minorities need leaders like Azad who emphasize respect for pluralism, believe in democracy and eschew mental and social ghettoes.

Leaders who use religious identities as political instruments not only undermine the social harmony of societies, but also do more harm than good for the very minorities whose interests they claim to advance.

We live in an age of globalization, where boundaries are gradually losing their salience. In this age, politics of religious boundaries are artificial and counterproductive.

I hope that American Muslims will discover Azad and learn how to live and lead in a secular democracy; and that non-Muslim Americans learn that not all Muslim leaders in history were divisive and partisan. Many, like Azad, seek political and religious unity.

Dr. Muqtedar Khan is an associate professor at the University of Delaware and a fellow of the Institute for Social policy and Understanding.